Saturday, July 30, 2016

"Mute and Alone, He was Never Short of Kind Words" NYTimes 7/30 Samaritan story 2

The man who lost his voice was a gentle man who didn’t ask terribly much of life. He lived in a miniature space in a single-room-occupancy residence on the corner of 74th Street and Third Avenue in Manhattan, above J. G. Melon, the popular restaurant and bar known for succulent hamburgers. And he was a New York story.
He was a New York story because he didn’t have a lot and yet he gave a lot. And in return he got what New York for all its busyness so often offers those who could use a good dose of it — kindness. The city can be cold and aloof and you can live crunched amid its population and remain lonely and overlooked. You can also be someone unremarkable and be made to feel like Mr. Big Shot.
The name of the man who lost his voice was Bernhardt Wichmann III. Sounds like an old-money name for sure, but any money ever attached to it was no longer visible.
His story revolves around a pair of doormen. In 1994, Jorge Grisales became a night doorman at the Mayfair, an apartment building at 207 East 74th Street. His shift began at midnight, when the city slows down but keeps breathing.
When you are a doorman, you notice things. You especially notice recurring people.
Mr. Grisales became aware of a man who almost nightly ambled past the building. He had a glistening face with a trimmed beard and he sported a big smile. Six-foot-something. As he walked, he would bend down and dutifully scoop up litter, tidying up the neighborhood.
One sweaty summer evening, the smiling man waved at the doorman and paused. Mr. Grisales said, “How are you?” The man clutched scraps of paper. He wrote something down and handed it over. It said: “Hi, my name is Bernhardt but call me Ben. I can’t talk, but I can hear.”
Something instantly clicked between them. There was a delicious spirit about Ben. Two years later, Juan Arias joined the door staff, and Mr. Grisales introduced him to Ben. They, too, clicked. They talked. He wrote. On his notes, he always drew a smiley face.
Over time, the two doormen learned some blurred snippets about Ben Wichmann. That his parents came from Germany to Davenport, Iowa. That he was born in 1932. That he had served in the United States Army and was in the Korean War. That he came to New York and became an architectural draftsman. That, among other things, he worked on closets as well as decks and porches for houses in the Hamptons. That he loved opera and classical music. That he was gay. That he had a sister. That his parents and sister were dead and he had no family.
And that in 1983 he had polyps removed from his larynx, and that he had not been able to speak since. He wasn’t entirely sure why.
They discovered that since 1991, Ben had lived in that tiny third-floor room down the block that cost $10 a day. He had few possessions and eked by on Social Security. In a city where so many have so much, he had practically nothing. Yet it was enough, always enough. And inside him beat a heart bigger than a mountain.
He seemed unrelievedly happy. That happiness bounced off him and settled on others.
People up and down the block came to know Ben. He always petted people’s dogs. Admired the flowers. His cheery presence made East 74th Street brighter than it would have been without him.
“He charmed people,” Mr. Grisales said. “He always smiled. He never complained. He was just wonderful.”
Mr. Arias said: “He had plenty of reasons to be unhappy. But I never saw him unhappy.”
Now and then, he would stop in at J. G. Melon, plant himself at the bar and have a glass of wine and maybe a salad and converse through his written expressions with customers and the staff.
He would bring the doormen coffee and a Spanish newspaper. And they would fall into meandering exchanges — spoken words from the doormen, scribbling from Ben. Oh how they relished one another’s company.
Mr. Grisales was shaky with his English. That was why he worked the midnight shift. Ben tutored him. If Mr. Grisales mispronounced a word, he would write out how to say it, which syllables to emphasize, what words it rhymed with.
Mr. Grisales polished his English and graduated to an earlier shift.
The doormen gave Ben gifts — shirts or shoes, things he needed. So did others on the block. Joan Gralla, a reporter at Newsday who lives near the Mayfair, gave him sweaters, hats, a yellow rain slicker. For years, she got him a ticket to the Metropolitan Opera. He would dress up in his best clothes and have the time of his life. She would tell him the ticket was from her dog, Clementine.
Once, when the seat was exceptional, he wrote that Clementine must have some pull.
“Ben was just magical in bringing out the best in people,” Ms. Gralla said.
Ben had many medical issues. He came to rely on the doormen to make — or cancel — doctor appointments. If something was urgent, he would write out the note to them in red ink.
Every Thanksgiving, Mr. Grisales had Ben come to his home in Queens for dinner. His wife and two children adored Ben. His family made him family.
Then the strangest thing happened. Last August, Ben was having hallucinations and went to the Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System in Manhattan. An M.R.I. scan found nothing. When he got up from the M.R.I. machine, he mouthed the words “thank you” to the technician. Except he heard his voice saying, “Thank you.”
He could talk again!
One of the first things Ben did was ask to use the phone. He dialed Mr. Grisales.
“Hi, Jorge, it’s your friend Ben,” he said. The voice was deep and gravelly.
A puzzled Mr. Grisales said, “I have one friend with that name, and he can’t talk.”
“This is him,” he said. “I can talk.”
He related what had happened. He said that he came out of the M.R.I., coughed and could speak.
Not yet clued in, Mr. Arias went to visit him at the hospital. He entered his room and Ben said: “Hi, Juan. How are you?”
Mr. Arias just about fainted. The miraculous transformation filled the two dumbfounded doormen with joy. Ben, their Ben, could speak.
Words spilled out of him. Again and again, he would relate the story of the M.R.I. machine and his recovered voice. The two doormen offered to get Ben a cellphone, make him the modern man, but he waved that off. It was enough for him just to talk. And talk. And talk.
How was this possible?
Dr. Babak Givi, a head and neck surgeon at the Veterans Affairs center, never examined Ben himself, though he was familiar with his records. He had no explanation for what had occurred, only that it was extraordinarily rare. “You know I’m a humble guy,” Dr. Givi said. “I don’t know everything. Unbelievable things happen.”
His best guess — and it was nothing more than that — was that his voice box was not injured in that earlier surgery but that something psychosomatic happened that convinced his brain that he could no longer speak. And then something about the M.R.I. experience convinced him that he could again. But who knew.
Up and down East 74th Street, residents rejoiced. Ben had a voice.
Miracles have expiration dates. They can come mercilessly fast. For years, Ben had had prostate cancer. The cancer had been in remission, but it returned and was spreading.
Last fall, just a couple of months after finding his voice, he entered the hospital, then a nursing home in Queens. The doormen visited him there multiple times a week. A woman on the block bought him a radio so he could listen to music. He was always upbeat. The doormen went to cheer him up. He cheered them up.
“He left me a lesson,” Mr. Arias said. “Always be happy. Don’t worry.”
He told the doormen he would recover and return to his little room on East 74th Street. And they assured him, why of course you will. On July 7, he died.
There were no relatives to bury him. But there were the doormen. Mr. Grisales found his way to the Guida Funeral Home in Queens. Tom Habermann, the manager, said he would handle matters for a discounted $1,500.
The two doormen put out fliers in the neighborhood to solicit donations. In two days, they had the money. Because Ben was a veteran, Mr. Habermann arranged for a military service at Calverton National Cemetery on Long Island. Ben was cremated, and the cremains went to a niche there.
For the service at Calverton, Mr. Grisales brought his wife and children, and Mr. Arias came with his wife. Two women from the block attended. There was an honor guard detail. They played taps. An American flag was folded and presented to Mr. Grisales. Because this was one of the things that had been best in his life. Knowing Ben.
Mr. Grisales has ordered a frame for the flag that will have Ben’s name engraved on it and the dates crossing the 83 years when his life began and ended. He intends to hang it on the wall in his home, in a special place where he will always see it. Then, if anyone notices it and asks, well, they will need to sit down. He will have quite a story to tell.

Wednesday, July 27, 2016

"What is the truth?" the dominant question of AP Lang and Comp

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Members of the New Britain Jr. Hurricanes practicing in 2013. The team is one of thousands of youth football teams that have adopted the Heads Up Football program, which has been sold as an effective means of reducing injuries. CreditKike Calvo/Associated Press for National Football League 

As increasing numbers of parents keep their children from playing tackle football for safety reasons, the National Football League and other groups have sought to reassure them that continuing reforms are making the game less dangerous.

No reform has received more backing and attention than Heads Up Football, a series of in-person and online courses for coaches to learn better safety procedures and proper tackling drills. The N.F.L. funds and heavily promotes the program. The league and U.S.A. Football, youth football’s governing body, which oversees the program, have sold Heads Up Football to thousands of leagues and parents as having been proved effective — that an independent studyshowed that the program reduced injuries by 76 percent and concussions by about 30 percent.

That study, published in July 2015, showed no such thing, a review by The New York Times has found. The research and interviews with people involved with it indicate, rather, that Heads Up Football showed no demonstrable effect on concussions during the study, and significantly less effect on injuries over all, than U.S.A. Football and the league have claimed in settings ranging from online materials to Congressional testimony.

As the 2016 youth football season dawns, the revelation will most likely fuel skeptics of football’s claims of reform, and discourage parents who want solid information about the sport’s risks for their children.

“Everybody who is involved in trying to improve the safety of youth sports, when parents such as myself are so desperate to have effective solutions, has the responsibility to make sure that any information that they are putting out to the public is accurate, is comprehensive, and is based on legitimate science,” said Elliot F. Kaye, the chairman of the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission, who has worked with U.S.A. Football and the N.F.L. on improving helmet safety. “It does not appear that this met that standard.”

Representatives of U.S.A. Football and the N.F.L. said in interviews that they had been unaware that their claims of Heads Up Football’s effectiveness were unsupported by the study, which was conducted by the Datalys Center for Sports Injury Research and Prevention through a $70,000 grant from U.S.A. Football.

“U.S.A. Football erred in not conducting a more thorough review with Datalys to ensure that our data was up to date,” Scott Hallenbeck, the executive director of U.S.A. Football, said in an email to The Times. “We regret that error.” He added that the material would be removed from the organization’s print and online materials, and that “our partners and constituents” would be notified of the errors.

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N.F.L. Commissioner Roger Goodell greeting children in a Heads Up Football league in Fairfield, Conn., in 2013. The N.F.L. is the primary source of operating funds for U.S.A. Football, youth football’s governing body. CreditJessica Hill/Associated Press for National Football League 

Brian McCarthy, an N.F.L. spokesman, said that the league would also include updated information from now on.

Both U.S.A. Football and the league said that the questionable data and conclusions were actually preliminary results provided by Datalys five months before the study was published. The lead researchers for Datalys, Thomas Dompier and Zachary Kerr, confirmed in interviews that, despite knowing that the final paper contradicted their preliminary claims, they did not inform U.S.A. Football of this until last month, one day after speaking with The Times.

Mr. Dompier, the president of Datalys, said in an interview: “We’re the ones that put out the numbers. We’re the ones that kind of blew it.”

In an email, Mr. Kerr said that the company had released the early data because, “The results were so compelling, we felt morally obligated to make the youth football community aware of the results.”

Conflicting Data

The N.F.L. and its players’ union formed U.S.A. Football in 2002 to oversee the sport and help it grow among children aged 6 to 14. But participation has dropped precipitously in recent years, from 3 million in 2010 to about 2.2 million last fall — a decline generally attributed to concerns about injuries, particularly to the brain.

In 2013, in consultation with the N.F.L., U.S.A. Football started Heads Up Football, whose primary goals were to improve safety and reassure parents. The program requires one “player safety coach” per team to attend a clinic that focuses on concussion recognition and response, blocking and tackling techniques, proper hydration and other safety topics. A team’s other coaches must take online courses in those subjects as well.

In March 2014, the N.F.L. gave U.S.A. Football $45 million, in large part to get more youth leagues to adopt the program.

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Scott Hallenbeck, right, U.S.A. Football’s executive director, speaking at a news conference in 2014 with Charlotte Jones Anderson, chairwoman of the N.F.L. Foundation, and Mr. Goodell.CreditJohn Raoux/Associated Press 

While U.S.A. Football is said to operate independently from the N.F.L., the league is its primary source of operating funds, and some researchers consider the two almost indistinguishable.

“In my mind, U.S.A. Football and the N.F.L. are one,” said Dawn Comstock, a professor of epidemiology at the Colorado School of Public Health who runs the primary research on high school sports injuries. “If I’m talking with one about something involving youth football safety, my perception is I’m talking to both.”

Comstock said that in July 2014, Jeff Miller, the N.F.L.’s senior vice president for health and safety policy, and David Krichavsky, then its director of player health and safety, asked her to propose some studies that would, she said, “highlight the potential positive aspects” of youth football’s safety initiatives and provide “a potential positive take-home message for parents.” Comstock said that she had provided some ideas but that the league did not pursue them.

Mr. McCarthy, of the N.F.L., said in an email on Monday, “Our only interest is in research that will help us determine the efficacy of these and other programs and how we can make the game safer.”

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Also in 2014, U.S.A. Football asked Datalys, an Indianapolis-based firm that handles all of the N.C.A.A.’s injury research, to monitor injury rates during that fall season among six youth leagues that used Heads Up Football and four leagues that did not, covering more than 2,000 players.

In February 2015, Datalys gave U.S.A. Football the results: Leagues that used Heads Up Football had 76 percent fewer injuries, 34 percent fewer concussions in games and 29 percent fewer concussions in practices.

In U.S.A. Football’s blog post announcing that the safety program “reduces injuries,” Mr. Dompier said: “This is compelling data. I am actually surprised by the strength of the association but completely confident in our findings.”

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The N.F.L. has actively promoted the Heads Up Football program since it began in 2013. During a preseason game that year, Atlanta Falcons wide receiver Darius Johnson, left, tried to outmaneuver Jacksonville Jaguars cornerback Lionel Smith. CreditJohn Bazemore/Associated Press 

These figures were prominently reported in the news mediaand on websites of youth leagues as a means to show parents that Heads Up Football was scientifically sound. N.F.L. promotional materials have called the program “The New Standard in Football”; a page in its 2015 Information Guide is headlined, “Study Finds U.S.A. Football Program Advances Player Safety.”

But last summer, when the Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine published Datalys’s formal paper on the study, the paper did not include the same injury and concussion figures. Its data actually told a far different story about Heads Up Football’s effectiveness.

Rather than looking at Heads Up Football leagues in one category, the paper instead split them into two groups: those that did or did not also belong to Pop Warner Football, a division of youth leagues that has added its own rules to mitigate injuries. Pop Warner leagues have disallowed certain head-on blocking and tackling drills and drastically reduced full-contact practice time, measures that were not a part of U.S.A. Football’s program.

As it turned out, only leagues that adhered to Pop Warner’s rules saw a meaningful drop in concussions. Leagues that used Heads Up Football alone actually saw slightly higher concussion rates, although that uptick was not statistically significant. The previously reported drops were clearly driven by a league’s affiliation with Pop Warner, not Heads Up Football.

Similarly, Heads Up Football leagues saw no change in injuries sustained during games unless they also used Pop Warner’s practice restrictions. The drop in practice injuries among Heads Up Football-only leagues was 63 percent, a very meaningful figure. But combined with the in-game injuries the total reduction became about 45 percent, far less than the 76 percent presented by U.S.A. Football and the N.F.L. for the past year and a half.

The authors did not address how the paper’s data contradicted their preliminary conclusions from five months before. Regarding the fact that Datalys did not inform U.S.A. Football or the N.F.L. of the discrepancies, Mr. Kerr said in an email: “Datalys stands by our decision to release preliminary data in our Feb 2015 release because if we prevented even one youth football player from suffering an injury (sprain, fracture, strain, severe contusion, or concussion), then the release was a success.”

There are other instances when Datalys has presented data to the public that differed from its scientific papers.

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The former N.F.L. coach Bill Cowher in 2013 during a Youth Military Football League practice. The youth league is one of many leagues to have adopted the Heads Up Football program, which is funded by the N.F.L. CreditMark Von Holden/Associated Press for National Football League 

A “Youth Football Fact Sheet” for the public currently on the Datalys website lists the most common injuries sustained by youngsters, as determined by a separate study it conducted for U.S.A. Football three years ago. But it has significant differences from the list in a paper the company published last year, also in the Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine. For example, the paper’s listing for “Nervous System (stinger),” which comprised 4.2 percent of injuries, does not appear on the fact sheet; that slot is filled instead by “Wind Knocked Out” (4.1 percent), a category that does not appear in the paper.

Mr. Dompier said in an email that the category for stinger — where a blow to the spine causes extreme pain and numbness through the arms — was renamed Wind Knocked Out because both are neurologic injuries, and the latter would be more recognized by parents.

Credit, With a Caveat

A spokesman for U.S.A. Football, Steve Alic, said that research conducted outside Datalys has shown the effectiveness of Heads Up Football. He cited the Fairfax County public school system in Virginia, which has seen a 24 percent decrease in total injuries and a 43 percent drop in concussions since adopting the program in 2013.

Bill Curran, the county’s director of student activities and athletics, confirmed those numbers and praised Heads Up Football’s safety reforms for contributing to them. He added that Fairfax County went well beyond the Heads Up program, though, in ways that included drastically reducing full-contact practice time during the season to 90 minutes per week, whereas before, he said, “we probably had some teams doing 90 minutes in a single practice.”

“I give them a huge amount of credit,” Mr. Curran said of U.S.A. Football’s efforts. “But it takes a hell of a lot more than going to their website and taking the online courses and getting accreditation.”

As the 2016 season approaches, the faulty pronouncements about the research continue to be cited by youth programsand football officials as evidence that Heads Up Football makes football safer, especially regarding concussions. During a high school sports conference in Alabama last week, a coach delivered a glowing slide show about the program to fellow coaches and athletic directors, unaware that many of the numbers and statements were not supported by the data.

Last May, coaches from Columbia High School in Maplewood, N.J., invited some eighth graders interested in playing football to a meeting in the cafeteria.

“They basically said they teach Heads Up Football, which reduced head injuries and concussions,” said Jacob Kasdan, one of the students who attended the meeting. “I think they’re struggling to find enough players.”

Jacob went home and asked if he could play this fall. His father declined to sign the forms.

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